ROTINI

Durum semolina is a coarse flour made from durum wheat, commonly used in pasta production. It is minimally processed and retains some of the wheat's natural nutrients. However, it lacks the fiber and micronutrient density found in whole grain alternatives.

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is added to enriched flours to prevent deficiencies. It is a water-soluble vitamin that supports energy metabolism and DNA repair. The enrichment process ensures adequate intake in populations consuming refined grains.

Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement used to fortify foods and prevent iron deficiency anemia. It is a common additive in enriched grain products. While effective in increasing iron levels, it may cause gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals.

Thiamin mononitrate is a synthetic form of vitamin B1 used to fortify foods. It plays a vital role in energy metabolism and nerve function. The fortification process helps prevent thiamin deficiency in populations consuming refined grains.

Riboflavin, or vitamin B2, is added to enriched flours to support energy production and cellular function. It is a water-soluble vitamin that helps convert carbohydrates into energy. Fortification ensures adequate intake in diets reliant on refined grains.

Folic acid is a synthetic form of vitamin B9 used to fortify foods and prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy. It is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division. Fortification helps reduce the risk of birth defects in populations consuming refined grains.