Paula's Choice Clinical Discoloration Repair Serum at Nordstrom

Water is a universal solvent used in cosmetics to dissolve other ingredients. It helps in the application and absorption of the product. It is generally considered safe and non-irritating.

Glycerin is a humectant that attracts moisture to the skin. It helps maintain skin hydration and improves the skin barrier function. It is widely used in skincare for its moisturizing properties.

Butylene Glycol is a solvent and conditioning agent that helps improve the texture of skincare products. It enhances the penetration of other ingredients into the skin. It is considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin-conditioning agent with antimicrobial properties. It helps to stabilize formulations and extend the shelf life of products. It is considered safe and effective in cosmetics.

Niacinamide is a form of Vitamin B3 that offers multiple skin benefits. It improves skin elasticity, enhances the skin barrier, and reduces inflammation. It is highly regarded in skincare for its versatility and effectiveness.

Tranexamic Acid is used in skincare for its ability to reduce discoloration and hyperpigmentation. It works by inhibiting melanin synthesis in the skin. It is considered safe and effective for brightening the skin.

Azelaic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid that helps in treating acne and rosacea. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It is effective in reducing redness and improving skin texture.

Alpha-Arbutin is a skin-brightening agent that helps reduce hyperpigmentation. It works by inhibiting tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production. It is considered safe and effective for lightening dark spots.

Glutathione is an antioxidant that helps protect the skin from oxidative stress. It is used in skincare for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It is considered safe and beneficial for skin health.

Kojic Acid is a natural skin-lightening agent derived from fungi. It inhibits melanin production, helping to reduce dark spots and hyperpigmentation. It is considered effective for brightening the skin.

Licorice Root Extract is a natural ingredient known for its soothing and brightening properties. It contains glabridin, which helps reduce pigmentation and inflammation. It is considered safe and beneficial for sensitive skin.

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep, but in skincare, it acts as an antioxidant. It helps protect the skin from environmental damage and supports skin repair. It is considered safe and beneficial for skin health.

Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a powerful antioxidant that protects the skin from free radical damage. It helps in moisturizing and improving skin texture. It is widely used in skincare for its protective properties.

Bakuchiol is a plant-based alternative to retinol with anti-aging benefits. It helps in reducing fine lines and improving skin firmness without the irritation associated with retinol. It is considered safe and effective for sensitive skin.

Milk Thistle is a botanical extract known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps protect the skin from environmental stressors and supports skin repair. It is considered safe and beneficial for skin health.