Paula's Choice 25% Vitamin C + Glutathione Clinical Serum for Brightening & Dark Spots, Size: 1 FL Oz, None

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is a stable, oil-soluble form of Vitamin C. It penetrates the skin effectively and provides antioxidant benefits. It is known for its ability to brighten skin and reduce signs of aging.

Ascorbyl Glucoside is a stable form of Vitamin C combined with glucose. It provides antioxidant benefits and helps brighten the skin. It is effective in reducing signs of aging and improving skin tone.

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the skin from oxidative stress. It is known for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It is effective in reducing dark spots and improving skin tone.

Glycerin is a humectant that attracts moisture to the skin. It helps maintain hydration and improves skin barrier function. It is widely used in skincare for its moisturizing properties.

Apple fruit extract is rich in antioxidants and vitamins. It helps protect the skin from environmental damage and provides moisturizing benefits. It is often used for its anti-aging properties.

Ergothioneine is an amino acid with antioxidant properties. It helps protect the skin from environmental damage and supports skin health. It is often used for its anti-aging benefits.

Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract is used for its antioxidant and soothing properties. It helps protect the skin from environmental damage and provides a pleasant fragrance. It is often used for its calming effects on the skin.

Sodium Hyaluronate is a form of hyaluronic acid that provides intense hydration to the skin. It helps retain moisture and improve skin elasticity. It is widely used for its anti-aging and moisturizing benefits.

Water is a common solvent used in cosmetic formulations. It helps dissolve other ingredients and provides a base for the serum. It does not have any direct benefits or risks associated with its use in cosmetics.

C9-12 Alkane is used as an emollient and solvent in cosmetic formulations. It helps improve the spreadability of the product. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Silica is used as a thickening agent and to improve the texture of cosmetic products. It helps absorb excess oil and provides a matte finish. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Hydrogenated Lecithin is used as an emulsifier and skin-conditioning agent. It helps improve the texture and stability of cosmetic formulations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Polyglyceryl-6 Polyricinoleate is an emulsifier used to stabilize cosmetic formulations. It helps blend oil and water components effectively. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Xanthan Gum is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in cosmetics. It helps improve the texture and consistency of the product. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Polyquaternium-51 is a film-forming agent that helps retain moisture in the skin. It improves the texture and feel of cosmetic products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Triacetin is used as a solvent and plasticizer in cosmetics. It helps improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Occlusive silicone film-former — flagged under clean-beauty doctrine.

Processed additive flagged under Scout's ingredient doctrine.

Processed additive flagged under Scout's ingredient doctrine.

Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetics. It is effective in extending the shelf life of products. However, it can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals.