Kirkland Sparkling energy drink

Taurine is an amino acid that supports neurological development and helps regulate water and mineral levels in the blood. It is often included in energy drinks for its potential to improve athletic performance. It is naturally found in meat and fish.

Green tea extract is rich in antioxidants, particularly catechins, which have numerous health benefits. It is included for its potential to boost metabolism and provide a mild caffeine source. It is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant.

Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is an antioxidant that supports immune function and skin health. It is added to preserve the freshness of the drink. It is naturally found in fruits and vegetables.

Guarana seed extract is a natural source of caffeine and antioxidants. It is included for its potential to enhance energy and mental alertness. It is derived from the seeds of the Paullinia cupana plant.

Calcium pantothenate is a form of vitamin B5, which is essential for energy metabolism and the synthesis of coenzyme A. It is included to support energy production in the body. It is water-soluble and generally recognized as safe.

Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that supports energy metabolism and skin health. It is included to help convert food into energy. It is water-soluble and generally recognized as safe.

Chromium nicotinate glycinate chelate is a form of chromium that may help regulate blood sugar levels. It is included for its potential to improve insulin sensitivity. It is a chelated mineral, which may enhance absorption.

Ginger root extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits. It is included for its potential to soothe the stomach and enhance flavor. It is derived from the root of the Zingiber officinale plant.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a form of vitamin B6, which is important for protein metabolism and cognitive development. It is included to support brain health and energy metabolism. It is water-soluble and generally recognized as safe.

Riboflavin, or vitamin B2, is essential for energy production and cellular function. It is included to help convert food into energy. It is water-soluble and generally recognized as safe.

Biotin is a B-vitamin that supports metabolism and the health of hair, skin, and nails. It is included to aid in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is water-soluble and generally recognized as safe.

Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B12, which is crucial for nerve function and the production of DNA and red blood cells. It is included to support energy production and neurological health. It is water-soluble and generally recognized as safe.

Carbonated filtered water is the base of the beverage, providing hydration without any calories or sugars. It is processed to remove impurities, ensuring a clean and safe ingredient. It serves as a neutral medium for other ingredients.

Citric acid is used as a preservative and to add a tart flavor to the drink. It is naturally found in citrus fruits and is generally recognized as safe. It helps in enhancing the flavor profile of the beverage.

Sodium citrate is used as a buffering agent to control acidity in the drink. It is a salt of citric acid and is generally recognized as safe. It helps maintain the stability and taste of the beverage.

Potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity and as a source of potassium. It is generally recognized as safe and helps maintain the drink's pH balance. It can also contribute to electrolyte balance.

Standard formulation ingredient — neither beneficial nor harmful at typical use.

Calcium carbonate is used as a calcium supplement and to regulate acidity. It is a common food additive and is generally recognized as safe. It can contribute to the calcium content of the beverage.

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring compound often included in energy drinks for its potential to improve energy and reduce fatigue. It is generally recognized as safe. It is metabolized into glucuronic acid in the body.

Natural flavors are a catch-all term for flavoring agents derived from natural sources but can be highly processed. The lack of transparency in their composition can be concerning. They are used to enhance the taste of the product.

Sucralose is an artificial sweetener used to provide sweetness without calories. It is highly processed and may affect gut health. It is included to reduce the sugar content of the drink.